What type of farming involves growing food without chemical pesticides or fertilizers?

Organic farming is fundamentally characterized by the avoidance of synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, focusing instead on natural methods of pest control and fertilization. This approach prioritizes the health of the ecosystem, promotes biodiversity, and supports sustainable practices by relying on organic matter, crop rotation, and the use of natural fertilizers.

In contrast, conventional farming often utilizes a range of chemical inputs to boost crop yields and manage pests, which may not align with the principles of organic farming. Sustainable farming encompasses a broader philosophy that may include organic methods but can also involve practices that are not strictly organic. Hydroponic farming is a method of growing plants without soil, often using nutrient-rich water solutions, and can employ both organic and conventional techniques depending on the specific practices adopted.

The choice of organic farming reflects a commitment to environmentally-friendly agricultural practices, which is why it is identified correctly in this context.